Water Bottle Rockets:
When grace skylar and I constructed our rockets, we gathered 6 smartwater water bottles. We each used 2 smart water bottles for every rocket. There were 3 rockets total. For my rocket, I cut out the bottom of one of the bottles to fit it onto the other. I used duct tape around where the joined to secure the bottles and to ensure that it wouldn't break during launch time. Sherly, my rocket, had four cardboard fins that I attached using hot glue and PL supreme. To spice the appearance up, I used a navy blue spray paint and covered the entire rocket. the question we formated for the project was “how do the number of fins effect the distance the rocket goes.” For my hypothesis I stated “if the number of fins affects the height then I think the rocket with four fins will go the highest because the 4 fins with ensure equal weight distribution through the rocket and will keep it balanced." Our data did support our hypothesis and our theory was correct.
Our procedure to complete this was not very clear when we got to the testing set up. We planned to test each rocket 2 times and didn't have a set distance of where we were launching it from. Once we got outside to get ready to launch our rockets we just went to the measurer, and we went to where it ended from the launchpad and it ended up being 56 feet. That distance from the launchpad stayed the same each time we tested the rockets. Step one in testing our rockets were to fill each rocket up with 750mL of water. After we did that we would go out to the launch pad and we would measure our distance from the launchpad at 56 feet. We would then put our psi at 70. Lastly we would pull the string to launch our rocket up.
List of variables kept constant:
-pressure: 70 psi.
-amount of water: 750 mL.
-shape of rockets: all used 2, 1 liter smartwater water bottles.
Our results came out kind of what we expected. We feel we could have made our wings out of a different material because each time we would fill up the bottle with water the fins would end up getting wet and would get all messed up. Our testing didn't make us rethink our design so we never really made any changes to our rocket. For future students conducting this experiment I suggest that you look up some designs and then go from there or you could just wing it like my group did. But overall for this project have fun with it and get creative.
Carbon Footprint
YOLO Project
1. An explanation of how concussions and traumatic brain injuries occur (skull fractures if you would like). You must include references to brain anatomy.
Brain trauma is one of the most fatal injuries one can endure if not treated immediately and taking extra precautions to insure a clean bill of health. When one undergoes a concussion, there brain is shaken and causes it to press up against the skull. Normally the cerebrospinal fluid acts as a cushion in between the brain and the skull but when jolted, hit, or struck, the brain can crash into the skull and cause an injury that may be extremely severe based on how hard you were hit. In extereme cases, the skull may crack which may cause brain bleeding, extreme swelling, ect.
2. An explanation of how helmets work to prevent injury.
Helmets are an extreme factor in helping guarantee safety while doing any contact sports. Helmets spread the force of impact over a greater surface so that your head does not endure the full blow. They protect the brain from being jolted in the skull which may cause brain swelling if not wearing one.
3. For your chosen activity, a strong case for why someone should wear a helmet.
Helmets are an easy way to help you prevent a traumatic brain injury. They almost insure a safe living for the rest of your life. Skiing was the recreation that I choose for my activity because it is something that I can closely relate to and reflect on. Statistics show that approximately 10 million americans ski or snowboard and there are roughly 600,000 injuries per year. 20 percent of those injuries are head trauma and 22 percent of the head injuries lead to unconsciousness and extreme concussions. Often times, these head incidents occur because the person choose not to wear a helmet. University of Innsbruck states “wearing a helmet decreases your risk of a TBI as much as 60%” which proves that helmets decrease the repercussions of most head injuries. I am not saying that you are guaranteed complete and utter safety by wearing a helmet, however, it will increase your chances of living a normal life after having a severe head injury. Some would argue that wearing a helmet decreases your peripheral vision and ends up causing more injuries because of that, to these people I would say, there are hundreds, if not thousands of helmet designs that fit the need of different circumstances. Unfortunately, in the United States, there are no mandating laws that enforce the use of helmets while skiing. In my opinion, this law would save a handful of lives and prevent a majority of the head trauma.
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/helmets_save_lives_of_skiers_and_snowboarders
http://www.ski-injury.com/specific-sports/snowboard-injuries
https://www.nsaa.org/media/68045/NSAA-Facts-About-Skiing-Snowboarding-Safety-10-1-12.pdf
Statistics from the NSAA:
91 percent of children 9 years old or younger wear ski/snowboard helmets;
81 percent of children between 10 and 14 wear ski/snowboard helmets;
78 percent of adults over the age of 65 wear ski/snowboard helmets;
Skiers and snowboarders aged 18 to 24 have traditionally represented the lowest
percentage of helmet use among all age groups. In 2011/12, 53 percent of all 18
to 24 year olds interviewed wore helmets, representing a 194 percent increase in
usage for this age group since the 2002/03 season, when only 18 percent wore
helmets.
Brain trauma is one of the most fatal injuries one can endure if not treated immediately and taking extra precautions to insure a clean bill of health. When one undergoes a concussion, there brain is shaken and causes it to press up against the skull. Normally the cerebrospinal fluid acts as a cushion in between the brain and the skull but when jolted, hit, or struck, the brain can crash into the skull and cause an injury that may be extremely severe based on how hard you were hit. In extereme cases, the skull may crack which may cause brain bleeding, extreme swelling, ect.
2. An explanation of how helmets work to prevent injury.
Helmets are an extreme factor in helping guarantee safety while doing any contact sports. Helmets spread the force of impact over a greater surface so that your head does not endure the full blow. They protect the brain from being jolted in the skull which may cause brain swelling if not wearing one.
3. For your chosen activity, a strong case for why someone should wear a helmet.
Helmets are an easy way to help you prevent a traumatic brain injury. They almost insure a safe living for the rest of your life. Skiing was the recreation that I choose for my activity because it is something that I can closely relate to and reflect on. Statistics show that approximately 10 million americans ski or snowboard and there are roughly 600,000 injuries per year. 20 percent of those injuries are head trauma and 22 percent of the head injuries lead to unconsciousness and extreme concussions. Often times, these head incidents occur because the person choose not to wear a helmet. University of Innsbruck states “wearing a helmet decreases your risk of a TBI as much as 60%” which proves that helmets decrease the repercussions of most head injuries. I am not saying that you are guaranteed complete and utter safety by wearing a helmet, however, it will increase your chances of living a normal life after having a severe head injury. Some would argue that wearing a helmet decreases your peripheral vision and ends up causing more injuries because of that, to these people I would say, there are hundreds, if not thousands of helmet designs that fit the need of different circumstances. Unfortunately, in the United States, there are no mandating laws that enforce the use of helmets while skiing. In my opinion, this law would save a handful of lives and prevent a majority of the head trauma.
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/helmets_save_lives_of_skiers_and_snowboarders
http://www.ski-injury.com/specific-sports/snowboard-injuries
https://www.nsaa.org/media/68045/NSAA-Facts-About-Skiing-Snowboarding-Safety-10-1-12.pdf
Statistics from the NSAA:
91 percent of children 9 years old or younger wear ski/snowboard helmets;
81 percent of children between 10 and 14 wear ski/snowboard helmets;
78 percent of adults over the age of 65 wear ski/snowboard helmets;
Skiers and snowboarders aged 18 to 24 have traditionally represented the lowest
percentage of helmet use among all age groups. In 2011/12, 53 percent of all 18
to 24 year olds interviewed wore helmets, representing a 194 percent increase in
usage for this age group since the 2002/03 season, when only 18 percent wore
helmets.
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